dress of delhi sultanate

For example, a proposal by the Chinese to repair Himalayan Buddhist temples destroyed by the Sultanate army was refused, on the grounds that such temple repairs were only allowed if the Chinese agreed to pay jizya tax to the treasury of the Sultanate. His Firoz Shah Palace Complex (started 1354) at Hisar, Haryana is a ruin, but parts are in fair condition. During famines that followed, these granaries ensured sufficient food for the army.[79]. [128] He was succeeded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq (13511388), who tried to regain the old kingdom boundary by waging a war with Bengal for 11 months in 1359. The Sultan and his nobles lived a lavish life, by owning a palace. [70][71] After their settlment in India they assimilated into the mass Indian Muslim settlements due to their century long domicile in India since the early Ghorid invasions. Her father Iltutmish had come to Delhi as a slave serving under Qutb-ud-din and had . ; It is the tallest minaret in the world made up of bricks. What was the condition of the common people during the Sultanate era? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. [198], Paper had reached some parts of India as early as the 6th or 7th century,[199][200][201] initially through Chinese travellers, but paper failed to catch on as palmyra leaves and birch bark remained far more popular. merely 13 kilometres (8.1mi). [80][81] Ala-ud-Din appointed his Indian Muslim relatives such as Nusrat Khan Jalesari as his Grand Vizier and Hizabruddin Zafar Khan as his Minister of War. Question 15: Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the most erudite and accomplished Sultans of the Delhi Sultanate. It does not store any personal data. During the Delhi Sultanate period, the dress style was imported from Turko-Persian regions. He looted the lands he crossed, then plundered and burnt Delhi. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Registration of merchants was required,[180] and expensive goods such as certain fabrics were deemed "unnecessary" for the general public and required a permit from the state to be purchased. During the Medieval Delhi Sultanate era from 1000 to 1500, India as a whole experienced lasting population growth for the first time in a thousand years, with its population increasing nearly 50% to 110 million by 1500 AD. [21], Muhammad bin Tughlaq was an intellectual, with extensive knowledge of the Quran, Fiqh, poetry and other fields. [186], The Delhi Sultanate period coincided with a greater use of mechanical technology in the Indian subcontinent. Their army can be terrify. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. For example, a Sanskrit inscription notes that Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq repaired a Siva temple in Bidar after his Deccan conquest. [17][18] Khalji and Tughlaq rule saw a new wave of rapid Muslim conquests deep into South India. Dress. [95] However, these victories were cut short because of Mongol attacks and plunder raids from the northwest. [37] The strength of the armies changes according to time. -While a monarch, the Sultans had to manage conflicting interests in a pluralistic arrangement like any other . But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Both of these features were hardly used in Hindu temple architecture and other indigenous Indian styles. All sorts of clothes made of silk, cotton and wool were used by the people and there . Its closest comparator is the 62-metre all-brick Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan, of c.1190, a decade or so before the probable start of the Delhi tower. Primarily, the women were regarded as articles of pleasure. [24], According to Angus Maddison, between the years 1000 and 1500, India's GDP, of which the sultanates represented a significant part, grew nearly 80% to $60.5 billion in 1500; in comparison, there was no GDP growth in India during the prior 1,000 years. [171] The Delhi Sultanate also continued the governmental conventions of the previous Hindu polities, claiming paramountcy of some of its subjects rather than exclusive supreme control. Most people were labourers, who lived at a sustenance level. The price controls were inflexible even during droughts. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The Delhi Sultanate era saw a shift in the field of architecture and art, which combined Arabic and Indian styles. [166] Over time, successive Indo-Muslim dynasties created a 'centralized structure in the Persian tradition whose task was to mobilize human and material resources for the ongoing armed struggle against both Mongol and Hindu infidels'. The Delhi Sultans built many cities in the area that we now know as Delhi. [202] Paper use only became widespread across Northern India during the 13th century, and then Southern India between the 15th and 16th centuries. Chandra, Satish (1997). However he lacked the support of the majority of Khalaj nobles who had him assassinated, hoping to take power for themselves. [50] After the assassination, one of Ghori's slaves (or mamluks, Arabic: ), the Turkic Qutb al-Din Aibak, assumed power, becoming the first Sultan of Delhi. Slave Dynasty. Among the spoils was the Warangal loot that included the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond. Some precious stones also studied as mirror work, cut work, prints and hand paints, came into force in modern times to bring additional beauty to the costumes. It also involved plundering, and extorting tribute from, independent Hindu principalities. Made of cotton, this colorful 17th-century robe, called a jama, would have been worn by a wealthy nobleman. Traders regarded the regulations as burdensome, and violations were severely punished, leading to further resentment among the traders. Welch and Crane note that the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque was built with the remains of demolished Hindu and Jain temples. NT$918.43, NT$1,020.48 2 What type of clothes are worn in Delhi? (Editors), Encyclopedia of World History 2. Ibrahim did not enjoy the support of Afghan and Persian nobles or regional chiefs. The Delhi Sultanate (1206 A.D-1555 A.D.), also known as Sultanate-Hind, defines Afghan dynasties and Turco-Persian antecedent to Mughal rule in India. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Alauddin Khalji replaced the private markets with four centralized government-run markets, appointed a "market controller", and implemented strict price controls[172] on all kinds of goods, "from caps to socks; from combs to needles; from vegetables, soups, sweetmeats to chapatis" (according to Ziauddin Barani [c. 1357][173]). . Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals. Why do people wear traditional costumes in Delhi? The alvars are of varying degrees of bagginess and are gathered at the ankle. Muhammad bin Tughlaq did not have the resources or support to respond to the shrinking kingdom. 1. There was often a pattern of Delhi sultans plundering or damaging temples during conquest, and then patronizing or repairing temples after conquest. Under the Mamluks and Khaljis, the campaign of temple desecration expanded to Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra, and continued through the late 13th century. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. [119] The other result was that he managed to create a stable Muslim elite and result in the growth of the Muslim population of Daulatabad who did not return to Delhi,[21] without which the rise of the Bahmanid kingdom to challenge Vijayanagara would not have been possible. The temple was twice sacked and plundered by the Delhi Sultanate. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. He annexed Punjab as his eastern province. Jackson P. (1990), The Mamlk institution in early Muslim India, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (New Series), 122(02), pp. Volume 63 (3), pp 275287, R Islam (1997), A Note on the Position of the non-Muslim Subjects in the Sultanate of Delhi under the Khaljis and the Tughluqs, Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, 45, pp. Men traditionally wore long over-lapping coat known as Jama with patka sash tied around on the waist and Paijama style pants were worn (leg coverings that gave the English word pajama) under the Jama. At its peak in the 1330s, the Sultanate ruled over much of India, the first Muslim state to do so. During the Sultanate period, the Sultanate was divided into lqtas (regions). Most of the monumental buildings constructed were tombs, although the impressive Lodi Gardens in Delhi (adorned with fountains, charbagh gardens, ponds, tombs and mosques) were constructed by the late Lodi dynasty. This period witnessed the growth of Indo-Islamic architecture. (45% off). All technology is free but completes at a much slower rate garrison Scholars in Mosques to increase research speed. All the Sultans after Aibek made Delhi as the capital of their kingdom. In these the central arch is taller, in imitation of an iwan. Were it not for the Delhi Sultanate, it is possible that the Mongol Empire may have been successful in invading India. Famines, widespread poverty, and rebellion grew across the kingdom. (20% off), Sale Price NT$599.36 The correct answer is, option (4) i.e. What were the features of society during Sultanate period? He also attacked, defeated, and executed Taj al-Din Yildiz, who asserted his rights as heir to Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori. Mongol intrusions from Afghanistan compromised Delhi's power. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. (15% off), Sale Price NT$86.54 Khalji assassinated Qaiqabad and assumed power, thus ending the Mamluk dynasty and starting the Khalji dynasty. The period from 1206 to 1526 AD in the Indian History is called the Age of Sultans. Richard Davis (1994), Three styles in looting India, History and Anthropology, 6(4), pp 293-317, MUHAMMAD B. SAM Mu'izz AL-DIN, T.W. The city is the capital of India and the destination for various cultured people from various regions. 4 What clothes do most men wear in Delhi? Nobles included Sultan and his relatives, courtiers and holders of Iqta, Hindu and Muslim chieftains, merchants, bankers etc. Infantry units are able to construct Palisade Walls. Her ascent to the throne is of much historical significance not only because she was a woman, but also becaue her ancestors were originally slaves, not nobility. The Delhi Sultanate has a strong focus on research and defense, with an edge in technological advancement over other civilizations. [121] Muhammad bin Tughlaq's adventures in the Deccan region also marked campaigns of destruction and desecration temples, for example, the Swayambhu Shiva Temple and the Thousand Pillar Temple. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 10, 311-322, Eva De Clercq (2010), ON JAINA APABHRAA PRAASTIS, Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung. Following his death, the Delhi Sultanate saw a succession of weak rulers, disputing Muslim nobility, assassinations, and short-lived tenures. Razia Sultan (d. 1240). Original Price NT$300.32 [225] After the death of Firoz the Tughlaqs declined, and the following Delhi dynasties were weak. Western wear is generally preferred by students. [33][34] Mongolian raids on West and Central Asia set the scene for centuries of migration of fleeing soldiers, intelligentsia, mystics, traders, artists, and artisans from those regions into the subcontinent, thereby establishing Islamic culture there. [17] Muiz ud-Din Kaiqabad was assassinated and Jalal-ad din took power in a military coup. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. Answer: Muhammad bin Tughlaq had a brilliant memory, keen intellect and a great capacity for assimilating knowledge. What goods did the Delhi Sultanate trade? The Delhi Sultanate was a Delhi-based Muslim kingdom that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206-1526). [195] Smith and Cothren suggested that it was invented in India during the latter half of the first millennium,[196] but Pacey and Habib said these early references to cotton spinning are vague and do not clearly identify a wheel, but more likely refer to hand spinning. [211] To enable personalized advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. Men wear sherwanis with beautiful simple designs structured on the cloth. The Lodi dynasty was a Turco-Afghan dynasty,[a] related to the Pashtun[154] (Afghan)[155] Lodi tribe. The court of Delhi Sultans were well attended by writers, poets, scholars . [30], Rani ki vav is a stepwell, built by the Chaulukya dynasty, located in Patan; the city was sacked by Sultan of Delhi Qutb-ud-din Aybak between 1200 and 1210, and again by the Allauddin Khilji in 1298. NT$212.18, NT$250.64 Original Price NT$77.82 However, they were defeated by the Kangra State . Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Original Price NT$15,064.10 Several Turkic and Pashtun dynasties ruled from Delhi: the Slave dynasty (1206-90), the Khilji dynasty (1290-1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), the Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and the Lodi . What are 2 negative effects of using oil on the environment? Power shifted from Rukn ud-Din Firuz to Razia Sultana and others, until Ghiyas ud-Din Balban came to power and ruled from 1266 to 1287. Original Price NT$2,047.44 New musical instruments like the tabla, sitar and sarangi were also . [188] These mechanical devices were introduced from the Islamic world to India from the 13th century onwards. He came to power after the Khalji revolution which marked the transfer of power from the monopoly of Turkic nobles to a heterogeneous Indian Muslim nobility. [149] However, according to Richard M. Eaton, Khizr Khan was a Punjabi chieftain. According to Ferishta, when the Mongols arrived to Punjab, the Sultan returned the elite back to Delhi, although Daulatabad remained as an administrative centre. The tomb of the founder of the dynasty, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (d. 1325) is more austere, but impressive; like a Hindu temple, it is topped with a small amalaka and a round finial like a kalasha. Delhis traditional costumes have unity in diversity. [156] He started his reign by attacking the Muslim Jaunpur Sultanate to expand the influence of the Delhi Sultanate, and was partially successful through a treaty. Annemarie Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, Digby, S. (1975), The Tomb of Buhll Ld, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 38(03), pp 550-561. (65% off), Sale Price NT$2,147.78 [73][74][75] The dynasty later also had Hindu ancestry, through Jhatyapali (daughter of Ramachandra of Devagiri), wife of Alauddin Khalji and mother of Shihabuddin Omar.[76]. 5 What were the features of society during Sultanate period? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Muhammed bin tughlaq introduced some ill-fated experiments such as shifting the capital to daulatabad, and introducing token currency. [218] The Alai Darwaza gatehouse at the Qutb complex, from 1311, still shows a cautious approach to the new technology, with very thick walls and a shallow dome, only visible from a certain distance or height. He saw their role as propagandists who would adapt Islamic religious symbolism to the rhetoric of empire, and that the Sufis could by persuasion bring many of the inhabitants of the Deccan to become Muslim. [82][83][84] The Muslim generals of Indian-origin such as Ainul Mulk Multani, Malik Kafur, Malik Nayk, Malik Yak Lakhi and Khusrau Khan emerged as the main conquerors of the Sultanate. CrossRef Google Scholar. -Her fate was typical of many of the Delhi Sultanate. [61], The Khalji dynasty was of Indianised Turko-Afghan heritage. The Slave Dynasty "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." [58] The Quwwat-ul-Islam (Might of Islam) Mosque was built by Aibak, now a UNESCO world heritage site. The Delhi Sultanate was the empire for three centuries and the kingdom of the short-lived emperors who mainly originated from Turkey and Afghanistan and they ruled in the Delhi capital from 1206 to 1526 CE. [11][12] Following the invasion of South Asia by the Ghurid dynasty, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (12061290), the Khalji dynasty (12901320), the Tughlaq dynasty (13201414),[13] the Sayyid dynasty (14141451), and the Lodi dynasty (14511526). The exteriors of both were very often topped by large domes, and made extensive use of arches. London: Macmillan. [138][140] He also vastly expanded the number of slaves in his service and those of Muslim nobles. Free essays, homework help, flashcards, research papers, book reports, term papers, history, science, politics Instead of serving the state, the noble had started aspiring to get the crown for themselves. Different types of paint and cutwork also come into play. The overwhelming majority of Muslims in India were Indian natives converted to Islam. Which Colour were used during Mughal period? Screen of the Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra mosque, Ajmer, c.1229; Corbel arches, some cusped. This was the earliest major monument of the Tughlaq dynasty (13201413), built during the unsustainable expansion of its massive territory. Different types of paint and cutwork also come into play. The Timurid invasion and plunder had left the Delhi Sultanate in shambles, and little is known about the rule by the Sayyid dynasty. After Ala ud-Din's death in 1316, his eunuch general Malik Kafur, who was born to a Hindu family but converted to Islam, assumed de facto power and was supported by non-Khalaj nobles like the Pashtuns, notably Kamal al-Din Gurg. Dynasty'. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, Columbia University Press (1996), Barnett & Haig (1926), A review of History of Mediaeval India, from ad 647 to the Mughal Conquest - Ishwari Prasad, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (New Series), 58(04), pp 780-783. [162] Babur defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Panipat in 1526. New Delhi, India: Har-Anand Publications. Ghagra is clad in multiple formats, and ankle-length skirts and choli are used as upper blouses. 3. Its rule marks . He grew to eventually distrust the majority of his nobles and favored only a handful of his own slaves and family. [159] Ibrahim Lodi was unable to consolidate his power, and after Jalal Khan's death, the governor of Punjab, Daulat Khan Lodi and Rana Sanga, reached out to the Mughal Babur and invited him to attack the Delhi Sultanate. His 17 campaigns in India had two main objectives: To propagate Islam in India and. The Delhi sultanate administration was governed as per the Muslim laws that were based on the Quran and Sharia. [29] Bakhtiyar Khalji's annexations involved a large-scale desecration of Hindu and Buddhist temples[30] (contributing to the decline of Buddhism in East India and Bengal),[31][32] and the destruction of universities and libraries. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Ya you are right relly good..Thanks for writting this all. [147] The previously dominant Sunni sect of Islam became diluted, alternate Muslim sects such as Shia rose, and new competing centers of Islamic culture took roots beyond Delhi. [43] Some historians chronicle the Delhi Sultanate from 1192 due to the presence and geographical claims of Muhammad Ghori in South Asia by that time. The historian Peter Jackson explains in The New Cambridge History of Islam: "The elite of the early Delhi sultanate comprised overwhelmingly first generation immigrants from Persia and Central Asia: Persians (Tjks), Turks, Ghrs and also Khalaj from the hot regions (garmsr) of modern Afghanistan. [142] Nasir ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughlaq, who had fled to Gujarat during Timur's invasion, returned and nominally ruled as the last ruler of Tughlaq dynasty, as a puppet of various factions at the court. [34], Revolts against Muhammad bin Tughlaq began in 1327, continued over his reign, and over time the geographical reach of the Sultanate shrunk. Youll see ad results based on factors like relevancy, and the amount sellers pay per click. 7.1. The costumes have embroidery borders and designs on various places on Salwar Kameez costumes. Technologies being researched can be paused and . No one other than these merchants could buy from farmers or sell in cities. 101102. During the Sultanate period, there was a tremendous change in the architectural practices of the subcontinent at large. [128] The historian Walford chronicled Delhi and most of India faced severe famines during Muhammad bin Tughlaq's rule in the years after the base metal coin experiment. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. It began with the campaigns of Muizz al-Din Muammad ibn Sam (Muhammad of Ghur; brother of Sultan Ghiyas al-Din of Ghur) and his lieutenant Qutb al-Din Aibak primarily between 1175 and 1206. nobles (Aristocrats), Priests, Towns people and Peasants. The Tomb of Iltutmish was added by 1236; its dome, the squinches again corbelled, is now missing, and the intricate carving has been described as having an "angular harshness", from carvers working in an unfamiliar tradition. The minaret is over 73 meters tall and features intricate carvings and inscriptions. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Some new ragas and musical instrumens were introduced into Hindustani music.They created fusion by combining the persian and Indian music to develop new style of musical compositions. The founder of the dynasty, Bahlul Khan Lodi, was a Khalji of the Lodi clan. [49], Ghori was assassinated in 1206, by Isml Shia Muslims in some accounts or by Khokhars in others. These makings of methods were introduced during the Mughal rule in India. [47] He sought to carve out a principality for himself and expand the Islamic world. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Pali literature dating to the 4th century BC mentions the. It is named after t he capital of the sultanate: Delhi, an old city in Northern India. [41] Among them was Mahmud of Ghazni, the son of a Turkic Mamluk military slave,[42] who raided and plundered kingdoms in north India from east of the Indus river to west of Yamuna river seventeen times between 997 and 1030. 1 What type of clothes did people wear during the Sultanate period? Historians note Ala ud-Din Khalji as being a tyrant. [217], By around 1300 true domes and arches with voussoirs were being built; the ruined Tomb of Balban (d. 1287) in Delhi may be the earliest survival. The temple was destroyed by Alauddin Khalji. [258], Exterior wall reliefs at Hoysaleswara Temple. [247][248] In his memoirs, Firoz Shah Tughlaq describes how he destroyed temples and built mosques instead and killed those who dared build new temples. [117] Tughluq cruelly punished the nobles who were unwilling to move to Daulatabad, seeing their non-compliance of his order as equivalent to rebellion. [100] Muslim merchants were granted exclusive permits and monopoly in these "mandis" to buy and resell at official prices. In 1298, between 15,000 and 30,000 Mongols near Delhi, who had recently converted to Islam, were slaughtered in a single day, due to a mutiny during an invasion of Gujarat. [204] On the other hand, paper may have arrived in Bengal from a separate route, as 15th century Chinese traveler Ma Huan remarked that Bengali paper was white and made from "bark of a tree" similar to the Chinese method of papermaking (as opposed to the Middle-Eastern method of using rags and waste material), suggesting a direct route from China for the arrival of paper in Bengal. The Delhi Sultanate was a major Muslim sultanate from the 13th to the 16th century in India. the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate in the beginning of the thirteenth century. New Delhi Culture Dress: You will find Salwar Kameez with embroidery, stone, and mirror work. In a sphere that was dominated by men, queens like Razia and Rudrama Devi fought their way to ultimately rule their kingdoms. His successor was Mubarak Khan, who renamed himself Mubarak Shah and unsuccessfully tried to regain lost territories in Punjab from Khokhar warlords.[147]. Other traditional dresses worn by women in Delhi include Ghagra Cholis, and Saris. So here the people prefer to follow their tradition and culture. How MAny types of cloths were manufactured during Mughal period? The rulers of Delhi Sultanate came in power with the help of a sword and army, so there was no definite law of succession. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. What was the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate? The Delhi Sultanate was a 320-year-long Islamic empire based in Delhi that ruled over large parts of South Asia. 1 What type of clothes did people wear during the Sultanate period? Which cloth became popular during the Delhi Sultanate period? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The five dynasties included: the Mamluk Dynasty (1206 . [249], The Somnath Temple in Gujarat was repeatedly destroyed by Muslim armies and rebuilt by Hindus. Many of the Turkic Mamluk slaves eventually rose up to become rulers, and conquered large parts of the Muslim world, establishing Mamluk Sultanates from Egypt to present-day Afghanistan, before turning their attention to the Indian subcontinent. Some landowners were prosperous, that included both Hindus as well as Muslims. 2. His reign attempted to stabilize the food supply and reduce famines by commissioning an irrigation canal from the Yamuna river. Sultans and khalifas emboldened music. [41] A contemporary writer Yahya Sirhindi mentions in his Takhrikh-i-Mubarak Shahi that the founder of the dynasty Khizr Khan was a descendant of prophet Muhammad. [223], By this time Islamic architecture in India had adopted some features of earlier Indian architecture, such as the use of a high plinth,[224] and often mouldings around its edges, as well as columns and brackets and hypostyle halls. Soon, Turks were migrating to Muslim lands and becoming Islamicized. How do you I stop my TV from turning off at a time dish? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Barani on Politics of the Delhi Sultanate. The agricultural products included wheat, rice, pulses, oilseeds, scents, sugars, etc. [207][208] They also introduced new cultural codes that in some ways were very different from the existing cultural codes. Sari is a traditional costume for women. Original Price NT$1,020.48 Many of these dynasties ruled from Delhi. By the time of the last Sayyid ruler, Alam Shah (whose name translated to "king of the world"), this resulted in a common northern Indian witticism, according to which the "kingdom of the king of the world extends from Delhi to Palam", i.e. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106-134. NT$66.15, NT$77.82 Like other early Islamic buildings it re-used elements such as columns from destroyed Hindu and Jain temples, including one on the same site whose platform was reused. Delhi sultanate was founded by Qutbuddin Aibak. 91-109. [15] As a successor to the Ghurid dynasty, the Delhi Sultanate was originally one among a number of principalities ruled by the Turkic slave-generals of Muhammad Ghori, including Yildiz, Aibak and Qubacha, that had inherited and divided the Ghurid territories amongst themselves. The rise of Delhi sultanate Qutb-Ud-Din Aibek a former slave was the first sultan of Delhi and later his dynasties captured a large area of northern india Khilji dynasties was also able to conquer most most of central india The sultanate took several steps to defeat Mughal Empire Introduced indo Muslim cultures resulting education, literature .

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